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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. It is difficult to diagnose and thus effective intervention in SLE patients is often delayed. This book is a comprehensive guide to lupus, with chapters on diagnosis, assessment, treatment, the link between lupus and endocrinopathies, lupus and pregnancy, and advances in therapeutics. The book is presented by devoted authors who sought the latest evidence-based data to provide a well-structured display aiming at setting standards for best practice guidelines in the diagnosis and management of each and every section discussed in the "Lupus- Need to Know."

Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus, the prototype of an autoimmune disorder, may affect several organs and may run a chronic course between relapse and remission. This book covers important aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, and neuropsychiatric manifestations, including basic science and clinical features and management. In affected patients, the fundamental problem of fertility is reassessed including the risk of the disease, the possibility of fetal loss, the safety of drugs during pregnancy, and the current diagnostic and suggested therapeutic strategies of reproductive medicine. Finally, the issue of pathogenesis is revisited with a thorough description of animal models in relation to physiology and potential novel therapies.

Systemic lupus erythematosus --- Systemic lupus erythematosus --- Alternative treatment.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Anti-phospholipid yindrome --- Autoantibodies --- T cell --- systemic lupus erythematosus

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Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disorders resulting from an immune dysregulation leading to a thyroid immune attack (Antonelli and Benvenga). Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are the two main clinical presentations of AITD, and their clinical hallmarks are thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism, respectively. In many cases, AITD may be associated in the same patient with other organ-specific autoimmune attacks (such as in the case of type II autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, or type I diabetes, etc). Furthermore, AITD and thyroid function abnormalities have been frequently described in patients with systemic rheumatologic autoimmune diseases. Conversely, patients affected with the above mentioned autoimmune disorders are more frequently affected by AITD. In this Research Topic, constituted by nineteen papers, we review and discuss new evidence about the association of other autoimmune diseases in patients with AITD. Among other organ-specific autoimmune disorders, the associations of AITD with chronic autoimmune gastritis (Cellini et al.), vitiligo (Baldini E et al.), lichen (Guarneri et al.), psoriasis (Ruffilli et al.), myasthenia gravis (Lopomo and Berrih-Aknin) and glomerulopathies (Santoro et al.) have been treated. Also the associations of AITD, in systemic autoimmune diseases have been treated (as Sjögren’s syndrome, Baldini C et al.; systemic sclerosis, Fallahi et al.; systemic lupus erythematosus, Ferrari et al.; Antiphospholipid syndrome, Versini; sarcoidosis, Fazzi et al.; the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants, Watad et al.; rheumatoid arthritis, Bliddal et al.; Hepatitis C Virus and mixed cryoglobulinemia, Ferri et al.; and, psoriathic arthritis, Ruffilli et al.). Furthermore peculiar aspects associated with post partum thyroiditis have been reviewed too (Di Bari et al., Le Donne et al.). The exact pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the above reported associations are not completely known. It has been hypothesized that the influence of genetic (Coppedè), and environmental factors (Antonelli and Benvenga), could lead to the onset of autoimmune phenomena in different organs in the same subject, characterized by predominance of a Th1 immune pattern at the beginning, and in the active phase of these disorders. In conclusion, an association of other autoimmune diseases in patients with thyroid autoimmunity has been shown, and this Research Topic provides an extensive update of the literature, and suggests interesting points for new investigations.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus --- Vitiligo --- Autoimmune Gastritis --- Sarcoidosis --- Sj --- Systemic Sclerosis --- Thyroid Autoimmunity

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In recent years, the long term prognosis of patients with rheumatic disease has dramatically improved, due to the enormous advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases that have led to the development of drugs targeting the molecules directly involved in the inflammatory response. The development of these biological drugs has radically changed the therapeutic approach of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, mainly in patients resistant to standard treatment. Also in the field of conventional therapy, many new data have confirmed the effectiveness of “old” drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and azathioprine, demonstrating several additional beneficial properties for the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) or other autoimmune diseases. Moreover, immunosuppressant developed to prevent graft rejection such as mycophenolate or tacrolimus have been demonstrated to have an important role in the treatment of rheumatic patients. Beside the well defined anti-inflammatory properties of biological and synthetic anti-rheumatic drugs, a number of additional beneficial effects have been suggested, that have been hypothesized to prevent long term complications of autoimmune diseases, such as accelerated atherosclerosis, increased cardiovascular risk and osteoporosis. This Research Topic collects new information regarding safety and effectiveness of new and old drugs for the treatment of RA, SLE, or other autoimmune diseases.

autoimmune diseases --- rheumatoid arthritis --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- disease modifing anti- rheumatic drugs --- biological therapies